A broad definition

Any illegal act for which knowledge of computer technology is used to commit the offense. (US DOJ, 1989)

Elements of computer fraud

1. knowingly access or otherwise use a computer
2. without authorization or exceeding authorization
3. with intent to commit a fraudulent act or other criminal act

1. computer fraud
2. computer-assisted crime
3. information crime

Computers and crime

1. Computer as object – computers and network systems themselves as the object or target of crime. For example, physical theft, damage, destruction of information.
2. Computer as subject – the computer is the environment within which the crime is committed. For example, virus attacks.
3. Computer as tool – computers used as the means to commit a crime. For example, embezzlement, theft of information, hacking.
4. Computer as symbol – computers used to lend frauds credibility. For example, elaborately computerized investment schemes.