History Overview - Managers Before Management
Egypt (2500 BC)
- 17 grades of management
- Functional plus geographic division with some duplicated functions
Sumer/Babylon/Assyria (3000 BC ++)
- Great traders
- By 2000 BC had developed formal partnerships
Tyre/Sidon (1000 BC)
- Established multinational government/religion/business
- Structures developed to support extensive trade
Greece (500 BC)
Rome (200 BC)
China (221 BC)
- United in Qin empire
- Civil service and large bureaucracy
- lasted until 1911
Europe
- Middle ages (500), church and monks
- Italy (1000), Renaissance
- Florence (1500) Medici, first professional, formally-trained managers
Japan (1600)
- Unified, rise of clan businesses
Industrialization (1775 +)
- Rise of factory system
Source: Witzel, Morgen. (2002). Builders and dreamers: The making and meaning of management. London: Financial Times / Prentice Hall.
- R. S. Kulzick - 2/17/2003 -